一九四〇年代イギリスにおける住宅構想とその現実 : ポーツマスとコヴェントリーを中心にして

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概要

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• The existing historiography has done much to highlight the impact of the Second World War on social reform in Britain. Indeed the extensive damage done to major British cities and their housing stock provided a unique opportunity for architects and town planners to set a new standard in postwar housing, which would deal with slums as well as with the problem of urban sprawl. Accordingly the idea of neighbourhood unit planning was promoted, with its mix of dwelling types and provision of social facilities. This article, by considering the contrasting cases of two blitzed cities, Portsmouth and Coventry, examines how the design solutions advanced by these experts intersected both with public opinion and the implementation of housing policy under the 1945 Labour Government. The picture that emerges is of Portsmouth, prompted by Whitehall and operating in a relatively favourable environment, choosing to concentrate on the basics in housing provision. In Coventry, on the other hand, the priority given to industrial expansion because of the plight of the British eoonomy represented a constant threat to the city council's housing programme with its central idea of providing for the community. Yet the performances of the two cities in terms of housebuilding were very similar and there is evidence that their experience was typical of what was happening elsewhere in the late 1940s : the high standard of individual houses contrasted with the poor provision of social facilities on new housing estates. Thus the realities in popular housing provision did not match the high hopes of architects and planners. Their influence was very much circumscribed by the difficult economic circumstances of the late 1940s and by the existence of conservative, anti-planning forcesin society.

• 社会経済史学会の論文
• 1995-05-25

著者

• 椿 建也

  中京大学経済学部

関連論文

• 大戦間期イギリスの住宅改革と公的介入政策 : 郊外化の進展と公営住宅の到来(経済学部創設20周年記念号千田純一教授退職記念号)
• 第二次世界大戦期イギリスにおける戦後再建と住宅問題 : 報告『住居の設計』(1944)をめぐって(経済学部創設10周年記念号)
• 一九四〇年代イギリスにおける住宅構想とその現実 : ポーツマスとコヴェントリーを中心にして
• イギリス(現代,ヨーロッパ,2005年の歴史学界-回顧と展望-)

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