第二次世界大戦期イギリスの女性就業 : ボルトンにおける産業動員と復帰過程を中心に
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概要
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Bolton was a Lancashire cotton town famous for its fine spinning since the nineteenth century. Although the cotton had been losing ground since the First World War, it still was the largest source of employment for women in the inter-war period. The economic participation rates of women was about 10point higher than the national average and about half of the economic active women in the city was employed in the cotton industry. The prime object of this article is to examine women's attitudes towards the industrial mobilization and demobilization which had been organised in Bolton during the Second World War to see what were the factors affecting women's willingness in taking up war work. For this purpose, it is most important to distinguish women's attitudes towards a particular type of war work from those towards war work in general.After taking a brief look at the women's work in Bolton in the l930s in Section 2, we will examine women's attitudes towards the industrial mobilization in the next section. It is clear that women were willing to take up the engineering work which provided the better working conditions and higher wages.Though the Government, the local authority and the employers to some extent were putting pressure upon women in the city by organizing recruitment campaigns, women were unenthusiastic about the other types of employment. Those attitudes of women in Bolton seemed to be suggesting that they were making the most of what the war economy was offering to them.Section 4 sets out how women reacted to the industrial demobilization at the end of the War. The evidence available indicates that women were retiring, without much protest and bitterness, from war work including the engineering industry which had been recognised as a men's job. They usually gave family reasons for those attitudes. Some of them said that they put higher value upon the security of employment of male workers. There seemed to be little sexual antagonism upon the issue.The last section was an attempt to put the experiences of Bolton women into the wider context. It is suggested that women were more concerned with economic welfare of the family as a whole rather than that of their own. This attitudes of women parallelled with pre-war era. Women's attitudes had not been tranformed by the War and temporal changes of the occupational structure accompanied with it.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1986-08-25