初期福田徳三の経済的自由主義 : 明治末期の政策論争を中心にして
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to consider thougts of Tokuzo Fukuda (1874-1930), who was well known as a representative opinion leader between the end of the Meiji era to Taisho and to show characeristics of his economic liberalism. Fukuda had studied under Lujo Brentano (1844-1931) during his stay in Germany as a student. He belonged to the left wing in the Society for socialpolicy in Japan (Vereins fur Sozialpolitik in Japan). His economic thought in the end of the Meiji era be characterized by a combination of social liberism and 'a mode of thought influenced by historical school'. The former means the unity of two directions, a confidence in the principle of 'selfhelp' and a recognition of stateintervention. in the principle of 'selfhelp' and a recognition of stateintervention. The latter is summarized as a tendency to deduce justice and course of state-intervention from historical research. With this thought, he positively took part in the controversies over Factory Act and Corn Tariff. These problems were the main issues concerning the social conflict caused by industrization and the development of Japanese economy under the pressure of developed countries. This controversies were led by two groups, that is to say, Ukichi Taguchi (1865-1905). Kotaro Noritake (1867-1920) who insisted on the freedom of industrial relations and agriculture, and Noburu Kanai (1865-1933), Kumazo Kuwata (1868-1932), Tokiyoshi Yokoi (1860-1927) who adovocated protection of labour and peasant from the nationalistic standpoint. The particularity of Fukuda's contention, with which he intended to criticize both of them, lay on following points. 1) Fukuda paid full attention to pre-capitalistic relations in Japanese economy which had been neglected at all or considered as a pre-condition in their thought, and asserted to abolish feudalistic relations, to form modern industrial relations and to capitalize agriculture as a foundation of industrial development. To sum up, characteristics of his ideas were full capitalization of Japanese economy. 2) On the controversies he proclaimed the protection of labour by state and the freedom of agriculture from state. In a sense they might seem inconsistent, must be noticed that the protection of labour is deduced from a request for substantial equality between labourer and capitalist. That is to say, both of them are asserted from the viewpoint of the sole liberal principle. In these points we can see the originality of his economic thought that was different from simple laissez faire and nationlistic proctetionism.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1982-05-31
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関連論文
- 近代日本における"社会政策的自由主義"の展開 : 福田徳三の「生存権論」の史的分析
- 一九二〇年代初頭の"社会政策的自由主義" : 福田徳三の「労働国家論」を中心にして
- 初期福田徳三の経済的自由主義 : 明治末期の政策論争を中心にして