一八世紀イギリスにおける大所領の管理の実態 : キングストンKingston 公領の所領会計簿の分析を中心として
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概要
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The main purpose of this note is to make clear how estate management was carried out by landlords in eighteenth century England. The characteristic of landlord's behavior, and the relationship between estate and household will also be analysed. The material discussed below is drawn from Duke of Kingston's estate account books, mainly of the 1736 calender year, which are blow deposited in University of Nottingham. The account book consists of 'Audit Account' and 'Account Current'. The former notes the assumed gross income, the ordinary expenditure or deduction for the estate administration, and the assumed net income. The latter is a statement which the accountant made concerning the money from the 'Audit Account'. The characteristic matters of the 'Audit Account' are grace rent and delay of rent payment. Analysing the accounts, we find that the head steward was concerned with remission of arrear and covenant of lease, and the local steward collected rent and made account. The other persons who were engaged in the estate administration were woodmen and bailiffs of manor court. Such a division of role was caused by the fact that the administration over the extensive and scattered estate was difficult, and old arrear recorded in the 'Audit Account' is partly ascribed to the same reason. Duke's way of thought greatly influenced the estate management. The grace rent and delay of rent payment are regarded as Duke's aid to his tenants. Because these are not found when the estate was under the guardians' administration. In addition, during the direct management of landlord the time of rent collecting was delayed to next year or the year after next, and the grace rent amounted to as much as £3106 in 1736. The delay of rent payment caused the reduction of Duke's income, but he could spend much money by over draft in his account in banker to which about half of his estate income was normally sent. As the delivery of rent from his tenants was not regular, expenditure in housekeeping and in park, originally settled in household account, was payed by estat steward. It is important that the landlord depended largely upon the London banker in spending much more money than his deposit.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1983-03-25