両大戦間期のカルテル活動とその効果
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概要
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One of the striking features of the Japanese industrial organization between the two World Wars is that cartels were formed in many industries. But recently Kazuo Sato found the fact that in this period the pricemechanism in Japan had worked out well, which raised some doubt on the effects of those cartels. So the aim of this paper is to examine the effects of those cartels-the effect of those cartels is shown by the difference of profit rates between cartel sectors and non-cartel sectors. -and find the general character of cartel activities and cartel sectors. The following facts were found out. 1. Cartel movement in Japan began to be active after the First World War, when chronic depressions attacked her, and reached the peak in the panic of 1930-1931. But with the recovery of Japanese economy after 1932, the number of cartels newly formed rapidly declined. 2. Cartels were mainly formed in large corporation sectors, whose products were homogeneous ones, and in which the number of corporations was small. 3. Before the Second World War, the policy of the government in Japan generally promoted the activities of cartels. The purpose of the Major Industries Control Law enacted in 1931 重要産業統制法 was to control the market by cartels. Especially in depression it tried to make outsiders accept cartel agreements. But we should mind that inthe boom after 1934 it had effects to check unreasonably high prices raised by cartels. 4. Although many cartels were formed before 1931, most of them were not satisfactorily effective, but in process of the recovery after 1932 some cartels became to have considerable effects. However high prices raised by those cartels stimulated the activities of outsiders, which gradually weakened the control of those cartels. The cartels which had distinctive efeects were Japan Cotton Spinning Federation 大日本紡績連合会 and Japan Paper Manufactures Federation 日本製紙連合会. In Japan before the Second World War cartels of light industries had more effects than those of heavy-chemical industries. Particularly in process of the recovery after 1932, many new entries owing to the expansion of demand made the market of heavy-chemical manufacturing products competitive. 5. Cartel prices of Japan were much more flexible than thos of the U.S. This fact is particularly appropriate to cartel prices of heavy-chemical manufacturing products such as steel and iron ones, chemical and allied ones and cement.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1982-02-25