第一次大戦前後における日本工作機械工業の本格的展開
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the development of the Japanese machine tool industry around the First World War. The previous studies focused the object of producers' analysis on the large-scale machine tool builders. In order to understand totally the formation of the machine tool industry, it is necessary to examine the various types of builders, that is, the large, the medium, and the small-scale builders in large cities and the builders in local industrial cities. Owing to the expansion of the market, the Japanese machine tool industry greatly advanced during the First World War. The expansion of the market was led by the increase of domestic demand and the export to the foreign markets, especially in Asian areas. Japanese builders could enjoy the increasing demand furthermore because the import of foreign machines decreased during the war. It can be explained as the interruption of the import from Germany and diminishing weight of British machines; in Britain most of machine tools had to be turned to the domestic demand and the export to France and Russia. While the import from the U.S. showed the increase of 8 times (based on the value)(during the war, and gained the largest share in Japanese import market. Three characteristics of production structure can be found in machine tool industry. First, the weight of lathes was high(more than half based on the value and numbers) in the composition by type. Secondly, there was a gap between the prices of machines produced by the large, the medium-scale builders and the small ones. This meant that these two sectors were linked to different markets. Thirdly, not only the production of finished goods but subcontract work of parts or repairs developed. The first type of machine tool builders was large, medium-scale ones, consisting of makers specialized in machine tool production and general machinery makers. The main markets for this type were army and naval munition works and civil large enterprises. Large builders were also connected with army and naval munition works in an aspect of technology transfer. Small-scale builders in large cities were the second type: where most of their products were low-price lathes and drilling machines. Many of them had advanced to machine tool production from the miscellaneous machinery production before the war in the course of expansion of the demand. Machine dealers, having dealt in secondhand machines, formed machine dealers' districts in Tokyo and Osaka. The third type was builders depended on deeply developed social division of labor in local industrial cities.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1981-08-30