一九三〇年代中国の関税政策と資本家階級
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概要
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This paper, dealing with the tariff policy of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) Government in 1933-l934, shows clearly that Chinese capitalists exerted considerable influence on the economic policy of the Government. It is sometimes said that the Kuomintang regime was a counter-revolutionary military dictatorship of the big compradors and big landlords, and that the Kuomintang Government played only a negative role in developing domestic industry. This thesis is, however, far from the truth. One of the decisive factors influencing the direction of the economic policy such as the tariff policy was the attitude of the Chinese capitalist classes. And the economic policy, including the tariff policy, could help to develop native industry. (1) By means of comparing the new tariff with the demands insisted by the various capitalist groups, this study makes it plain that their demands were well reflected in the excuted tariff policy. The import duties of dyed or printed cotton pieces, flour, cement, paper, rubber goods, clocks, electric bulbs and so on, which Cinese native industry could produce, were mostly raised. Only a few of them were lowerd because of Japanese protest and the appeasment policy in the Kuomintang Government. (2)A brief analysis of several meetings and proposals of Chinese capitalists reveals that there were important differences among some capitalists groupes. Financial capitalists, who feared the decrease of customs revenue as debt security, didn't to raise tariff too high. A part of commercial capitalists, engaging in foreign trade, disliked high tariff. But, after all, industrial capitalists, demanding high protectige tariff, significantly influenced to form the general intention of Chinese capitalists. (3)The unpublished archives preserved in Japan and Britain strongly suggest that policy makers in the Kuomintang Government had to pay attention to the capitalists' demands during decision making process. This process is divided into three periods, The first period (the end of 1932-the spring of 1933): Led by T.V.Soong, finance minister, the Government excuted the higher duties of May 1933 to increase revenue, protect domestic industry and boycott Japanese goods. The second period (-the fall of 1933): Faced Japanese strong protest, pro-Japanese faction, including Wang Ching-wei, began to try to revise the 1933 tariff, and T.V.Soong was forced to resign as finance minister. The third period (-the summer of 1934): H.K.Kung, who replaced T.V.Soong, made a new tariff put in effect from July 1934. Despite the concession to Japanese demands, the 1934 tariff didn't lose the character as a protective tariff. Wang and Kung told foreign diplomats that they couldn't but have regard to the capitalists' demands.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1981-05-30