プガチョーフ叛乱前夜のバシキール人 : その社会的変貌
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概要
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The Bashkirs activity, who took part in the Pugachev revolt (1773-1775), attracted our attention, because they attacked the Russians who also had been involved in the revolt. My purpose in this article is to study the reason and the process which made the Bashkirs participate in it and drive them to attack the Russians. Considering the Bashkirs society before the rebellion broke out, to begin with, we have to pay attention to the proclamation dated February 11, 1736 issued by the Russian government. This proclamation prescribed a series of punishment items about the Bashkir uprising in 1735. It also included the administrative readjustment to prevent them from rising in revolt any more. Since then, this proclamation became fundamental policy of the Russian government in the Bashkir society. Second, in connection with this, we have to think of the process of purchasing the Bashkirs' lands by the Russian entrepreneurs and the social changes in Bashkiriya with the development of it. Besides these points, the Bashkirs had another difficulties. The most important of them was the monopolization of salt introduced by the Russian state, namely, the abolition of yasak (a kind of annual tribute paid as some kinds of animal fur in 1754. With this system, not only their economic burden grew heavier, but they had to give up the propriety to their lands. This system became one of the causes of the uprising in 1755. The factors mentioned above urged the Bashkirs to destroy the Russian factories, farm villages, saltworks, and so on. The Pugachev revolt was the peak when the Bashkirs attacked the Russians. As a result we could give a definition to their actions the antagonism toward everything Russian on the whole.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1983-07-15