ロンドンユダヤ人社会の貧民問題 : 一七五〇年から一八五〇年まで
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
London Jewry had approximately eight thousands populations about 1750. They became a minority group who occupied 0.1 percent of total population. In those days, under the shades of upper class Jews' brilliant foreign trade activities, london Jewry was in three Large fetters. The first one was seceding trends of wealthy Jews from the existing congregations which was brought about as a result of house-moving tendencies of upper and upper middle class Jews from the East End's old Jewry to surburban areas. In consequences of their house-moving and secessions, opportunities of lower class Jews' employment for their household servants and their relief toward the lowest class Jews have diminished before never. The seond one was beginning of continual influx of poor Ashkenazic immigrants. Between 1750 and 1815, about eight-thousands or ten-thousands poor Ashkenazic immigrants came from the European Continent, especially from Germany. The third one was circumstance which excluded virtually Orthodox Jews from English poor law system and apprenticeship. The above-mentioned three shackles effected mutually, which brought about "Problems of Ashkenazic Paupers" at the end of the 18th century. It was necessary for London Jewry to overcome the "Problems of Paupers" swiftly, because security of London Jewry depended mainly upon the friendly relations with the Government, municipal authorities, and with regional inhabitants. So as to solute the "Problems of Paupers", firstly authorities of London Jewish congregations in co-operation with the Government and with nunicipal authorities, carried out the obstructive policy against poor Ashkenazic inflow and their repatriations. But, the policy cannot obtain realistic effectiveness in spite of its aim. Still more, authorities of London Jewish congregations found a vocational school for Jewish youth of pauper class who were practically excluded from apparenticeship. As for independent endeavour on the parts of the poor Jews, they began peddling activities for the provinces. They went to the prosperous centers at each era, namely to naval and seaports towns in the later-eighteenth century and to industrial towns in the early-nineteenth century. In these provincial towns, they rose relatively short term from vagabond peddlers to settling retailers, further some of them rose to wholesellers and to manufacturers, and in tows where they settled, they found many provincial Jewries. Constractions of provincial Jewries were the most important counter measure on the part of Jews to solute for the "Problems of Ashkenazic Paupers" in London.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1984-02-29