ワイマル期ドイツ農業の危機と農業政策
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the development of German agricultural policy with reference to the situation of Germman agriculture in the Weimar period. As is well known, the extension of the Nazi mass movement could be accomplished by the breakthrough in the rural area and the strong support of the peasantry for the Nazis since 1930. Therefore, the analysis of the agricultural policy in this period will suggest us a salient background of the generation of Nazism. The objective of the agricultural policy in 1924-1928 was concentrated on the intensification of the agricultural productivity from the viewpoint of raising the degree of the self-sufficiency. Along this line, the measure of protective tariffs was taken against foreign agriculture in the same way in the prewar period, But its contents changed a little : under the violence of the competition between German and other European animal husbandry, not only the protection of the grain (especially, rye), but also the protection of the animal husbandry came to be inevitable. Though the animal husbandry became protected to some extent, the agricultural policy in 1924-1928 basically remained propitious to the protection of the grain (=Junker). which became more and more apparent in 1929-1932. Moreover, it generally remained regardless of the problem of the sale for animal and dairy products and of the standardization of them, too. As a result, the agricultural policy in 1924-1928 hindered the possible development of the animal husbandry. The crisis of the animal husbandry in 1927/1928 made clear the lack of the proper agricultural policy for it. Neverthless, as the situation of Junker-farming had become more and more serious since 1929, the agricultural policy turned to the entire state intervention in the agriculture in order to maintain the socio-economic and political existence of Junker. Thus, all possible measures were taken for the protection of the grain (=junker-farming). Indeed, these measures which showed favor to Junker obviously promoted and fixed the anti Weimar inclination of the peasantry. In the meanwhile, these measures could not sufficiently raise the prices of rye and potato, so they could not satisfy Junket, either. In addition, land settlement was advanced on a large scale and became at variance with the rescue financing in Osthilfe, because it became promotive the land reform which historically remained undone in Eastern Germany. Accordingly the crisis of Junker was transformed into the crisis of Junker-estate. In this way, the agricultural policy in the Weimar period was confronted with the hostility of all agricultural interests and completely came to a deadlock completely. Above all, it promoted the vehement political mobilization of the peasantry and prepared for the way of the Nazification of it in Northern and Eastern Germany.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1980-07-25