両大戦間におけるファシズム解釈の諸問題 (<特集>両大戦間の社会と経済 : 特にファシズムを中心として)

概要

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Since the seizure of power in Italy by Mussolini in 1922 there have been various interpretations of Fascism and its related phenomena. The Marxist interpretation of Fascism proved to be the most comprehensive and realistic about the nature of Fascism, for their theory succeeded in showing that Fascism is a mere tool of the declining capitalism under a guise of a revolutionary mass movement, and at the same time it made clear its international nature. But the subsequent Nazi seizure of power in Germany demonstrated the weakness of the Marxist interpretation. Marxists, since the latter half of 1920s, have ignored mass psychological factors of the Fascist movement. Today the task we face is to integrate various theories of Fascism. In an attempt to pursue such integration the most important task I should like to propose is as follows: 1) to revise Dimitrov's definition about Fascism by analyzing capitalism in Fascist states, for example, Germany, Italy and Japan. 2) to complement the preceding theories with socio-economic analysis carried out by contemporary social and behavioral scientists. 3) to propose a new definition of Fascism that takes into account the total process of its origin, maturity and collapse.
社会経済史学会の論文
1976-03-30