十九世紀末ロンドンにおける「土地問題」
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概要
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As industrialization, which is necessarily accompanied by the concentration of industries and labourers in the cities and towns, progressees, the transition of land-use takes place inevitably within existing urban areas and in adjoining fields. This process, urbanization, necessarily has considerable effects upon human habitation. This paper attempts to reveal problems which occurred in nineteenth century London such as the housing shortage, the increase in land value,and the serious financial difficulties of the local government from the viewpoint of the pattern of landownership, and finally the mounting reform movements for democratic local government in London in the 1880s from the viewpoint of land reform movements from the 1870s onwards. Generally speaking, the pattern of landownership in the urbarl area, as well as the adjoining rural area, has influences upon the development of building estates, as well as the layout of the built-up area. Especially in nineteenth century London, firmly established (aristocratic) and wealthier families, many of whom often had non-agricultural resources, possessed the large tenurial units in London's inner district-between the central district and the suburbs. Consequently even in the period of rapid urban growth, gradual as it was in London compared with the great provincial cities, these families retained their tenurial units to an unusual extent. In addition, the pattern of landownership had considerable effects upon urban redevelopments such as railway construction in London, which was begun by railway companies in the 1830s, street improvements, mainly in the western part of London, and the demolition of slums by thc Metropolitan Board of Works which was succeeded by the London County Council; urban redevelopments caused the deterioration of the enviroment. From 1867 onwards, land reformers were appealing to the traditional in feeling of the middle and labouring classes against landlordism prevailing throughout Great Britain: their influence was increasing, partly because of the serious agricultural depression, and partly because of the financial difficulties of the local government, which resulted in rate increases which in turn gave a heavy burden on the ratepayers. In effect, a multitude of land reformers' clubs and societies proposing taxation on urban land began to agitate for land reform in London, together with London's Radicals who were in favour of land taxation.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1976-01-20