北部ウェイルズにおける封建的土地所有の形成
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概要
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This article has two purposes : One is to clarify the process of feudalization in North Wales from the tenth century onward, and the other to assess the effects of Edwardian Cenquest in 1282-3 on it. This work is based on the analysis of the Extent of Honour of Denbigh 1334. In some authorized expositions of the Extent, those of F.Seebohm and P.Vinogradoff, the Welsh, so far have been thought as the normadic pastoralist throughout middle ages since the dawn of history; above all, they observed, in North Wales there had persistently remainded what is called the Celtic Tribal System. Now, upon these normadically-biased views about early Welsh society and economy, some doubts seem to be being thrown with the increasing use of various kinds of auxiliary methods. The recent studies, especially by G.R.J. Jones, show how the classical theory has lost it's grounds in regard to the generalization, and thus how it needs more detailed reexaminations from a new point of view. Here, Jones's conclusion that agrarian economy or arable farming appears to have been old-established probably throughout Wales, is most suggestive of all for us to form the new idea of early Wlaes. Indeed, North Wales had already reached to the phase of arable farming so far as quasimanorial estates were concerned, which belonged to tribal 'chiefs' or 'kings', or else tribal lord of 'argluyd', before it was conquered by Edward I. This manorial estate called 'maenol', contained a demesne vill as the center of the manor, in which the villeins of a 'maertref' were engaged in arable works under the control of land-reeve (maer). And other villein hamlets called 'taeog trefts' were also connected with this demesne land for the purpose of serving the lord. But, the mode of such estate-management, very similar to that of England, was, of corse, neither a mere of ancient tribal rendering-system, nor even pure transplantation from the advanced and neighbouring country. For Denbigh Extent proves that the tribal land-system in Wales was fairly changed with the gradual expansion of land-occupation by individuals, and the attachment to the land itself caused immediately some social and economic unequality. In fact, we can vividly see such differentiations among both the free and unfree, in the commote (half-hundred) of Kaymergh, situated near the Border. Apparently, these circumstances in North Wales before the Conquest led it to the formation of the feudal land-system.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1974-06-25