ラージャスターン地方の郡文書について
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概要
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Many valuable works on social and economic history during the Mughal period have been written recently based mainly on Persian manuscripts and official chronicles supplemented by European sources. In these works, major stress is laid on Northern India, in particular the Doab plains under the direct rule of the Mughal Emperors. But not much attention has been paid to the Hindu chiefs' territories which were autonomous in the Empire. In the Mughal Empire there were very many zamindars of different power and influence ranging from the autonomous chiefs to the small village landlords. The chiefs were officially addressed as 'Rajas', 'Raos', or 'Rais', and so on, according to their ranks. Rajput chiefs of Rajasthan were allowed to rule most of their territories as hereditary fiefs (i. e. watan jagirs) and made vassals of the Mughal Emperors. So in order to have a more complete understanding of the social and economicOhistory of that period, it is essential to explore the actual conditions in the chiefs' territories. An initial research has been started on the social and economic history of Rajasthan by some Indian historians, especially Professor Satish Chandra, Professor G. N. Sharma and Mr. Satya Prakash Gupta, on the basis of original documents written in the local dialects which are in the custody of the Rajasthan State Archives at Bikaner. I am very grateful for the personal guidance and instruction generously granted by these scholars. This paper, as a modest beginning of my work on the Kota State, as a case study of Rajasthan states during the Mughal period and under the British suzereignty, is an attempt to introduce the pargana documents called 'Taqsim' of Samvat 1719 (A. 0. 1662) and to examine their nature and contents. I have also tried to clarify some of the technical terms relating to revenue matters in the documtnts. The word 'Taqsim' means 'share, division, or distribution' and is of Persian origin. These documents were written by the pargana officers called Kanungos and Chaudhris who were asked to submit to the King or government the reports on the scale of land, both cultivated and uncultivated, and revenue figures, and so in the pargana under their charge. In the Gangetic Doab, for instance, which was directly ruled by the Mughal Emperors, similar documents called Taqsim were prepared by the pargana officers, and Dr. Irfan Habib defines such documents as ervenue statistics of the pargana. This paper points out that the Taqsim documents written in the Kota State, however, throws much light not only on the revenue statistics but also on the jagirdari system prevalent in the State. Lastly, technical terms on revenue matters ocurring in these documents are mostly of Persian origin and are the same as those used in Northern India under the Mughal Empire. This clearly shows the strong Mughal impact on the revenue administration of the Kota State and possibly of other Rajput states, too. Though this paper has clarified the meaning of not a few technical term, the apparent similarity of revenue administration between the regions directly ruled by the Mughals and the Kota State, as well as the exact meaning of many other revenue terms used in the documents are important topics which I shall discuss further in the future.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1973-02-25