ソビエト二〇年代工業化論におけるレーニン=バザロフ的構想 : とくに農村工業のあり方をめぐって
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概要
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The Lenin-Bazarov plot of industrialization, as we call it, is based on the elaborated synthesis of the historical experiences of Europe and the particularity of Russian economic history. Shifting from War Communism to New Economic Policy was far from the simple concession to peasants but the long-term plan of modernization and industrialization of the rural districts which still clung to the extreme backwardness. The Lenin plot aimed at the formation of the industrial area constituted of earnest peasants (staratel 'nye krest' yane) and various sorts of artisan industry (kustarnaya promyshlennost), as well as the planned maintenance and balanced development of the productive forces inherited from the tsarist Russia. In correspondence to these two purposes, his plan of co-operation had the phase of national economic balance (in his "state-capitalistic" sense) and the phase of organization of active small producers. "Cultural Revolution", its main slogan, was the mental phase of this plot, and the famous slogan, electrification, was combined with these aimes, far from merely the foundation of heavy industries. It is the one-sided view currently diffused to describe him only as an admirer of modern technical powers. It may be said that his view-point on social-economic meanings of productive forces was formed during the NEP period in the course of struggling with the "Russian" backwardness. The industrialization debate after the death of Lenin contains many valuable ideas, among which is Bazarov's plot little known or unsuccessfully introduced. This theorist of Gosplan, former Menshevik, presented the most unique view-point on what called economic "regionalization" (raionifrovanie), which meant the method of local distribution of national productive elements. In his opinion, the historical experiment of socialism must have the way for the new type of industrialization and the new type of the village, renouncing "the stereotype for industrialization in the form of urban plants and factories." His stress was particulary put on the formation of the local territorial industrial-agricultural combine, which had the complete system of the social division of labor. The primitive industry of kustar' with its "domestic" features must be combined with the agricultural production near by, and the state sensus industry distributed and combined regionally, instead of concentration of large-scale industries exclusively in the established cities. On the other hand, he thought it fully consistent to keep market relations below and state control above, which is not so much the future blue-print of socialism as the necessary means of industrialization in the atmosphere of the "traditional natural economy." The particularity of Russian village industry that it had not been separate from agriculture, was the main lever of industrialization in the Lenin-Bazarov plot.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1972-03-30