On the Structure of Extensive Air Showers. II

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The structure of extensive air showers (EAS) is examined in detail, in particular in its dependence upon the characteristics of the high-energy nuclear interactions and the primary energy spectrum. The following effects are taken into account: (1) The fluctuation in the depth at which the primary particles make their first interaction. (2) The fluctuations in the first interaction made by heavy primary particles. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) Shower curves are derived which are consistent with experiments, by a proper choice of the parameters involved in our model of the high-energy interaction. (ii) Under the assumptions that the relative abundance of various groups of primary nuclei at the top of the atmosphere is the same as measured at lower energies and that all groups have the same energy spectra as the proton spectrum, the calculated shower size spectrum is not inconsistent with the observed one even if there is a cutoff in the primary energy at about 5・10^8 Mc^2 per nucleon. (iii) Under the same assumptions, the fluctuation in the ratio between numbers of muons and of electrons is, at sea level, almost entirely governed by the fluctuation in the depth of the first interaction of protons. At mountain altitudes the fluctuation in the ratio is governed nearly equally by both the fluctuations due to protons and that due to heavy nuclei. (iv) Under the same assumptions, the shower rate due to primary nuclei heavier than protons is, at mountain altitude, equal to or greater than twice that due to protons. (v) There is a possibility that high-energy nuclear active particles (&Igsim;10^<12> ev) in EAS initiated by a proton are as abundant as those in an EAS initiated by a heavy nucleus. Additional remarks which would be useful further investigations are also given.
理論物理学刊行会の論文
1960-12-25

On the Structure of Extensive Air Showers. II

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