Zero-Point Energy and Continuous Creation of Matter in an Expanding Universe
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概要
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A purely Kinematic model of universe is considered that is described a priori by, (i) the Robertson-Walker space-time metric, (ii) the classical conservation law for energy-mass, and (iii) the observational fact of uniform Hubble expansion. It is shown that continuous creation of matter takes place in such a universe as a direct consequence of a secular quantum effect, provided that the physical vacuum is treated as the ground state of a certain quantized field obeying Bose statistics. Under the adiabatic hypothesis, the zero-point energy content per unit proper volume of the physical vacuum decreases parametrically (i. e. as a function of a time-dependent cut-off parameter) due to the cosmological red-shift, concomitant with the Hubble expansion. This secular zero-point energy defect reappears necessarily as an accession of observable energy-mass (so as to satisfy the conservation law) and may be expected to compensate for the material rarefaction due to the universal expansion. The observable energy-mass density ρ(t) at any epoch t, normalized with respect to its value ρ(0) at the epoch t=0, is given by a simple equation ξ_η(t)≡(ρ(t))/(ρ(0))=(1+η)e^<-3Ht>-ηe^<-4Ht>, where η is an abjustable parameter (dimensionless) and H the Hubble constant. Based on certain heuristic reckonings, the age T_0 of the universe is shown to be given by T_0=H^<-1>ln4/3 which is remarkably enough independent of η.
- 一般社団法人日本物理学会の論文
- 1969-02-25
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