ハンガリー農業の展開過程

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• Hungary became a socialist country by the revolution of 1956,and introduced a decentralized planned economy in 1968. Hungarian agriculture accomplished a dynamic development since the early 1960; the average annual growth rate was 2.7% during the period 1960-79. After the introduction of the tightening policy of economy in 1979,profit of agricultural production fell due to deterioration of terms of trade of agriculture, reduction of subsidy, reinforcement of taxation, and aggravation of agricultural export market. On this account dynamism of agricultural development disappeared, and the annual growth rate of agricultural production fell to 0.9% for the period 1980-89. The Coalition Party led by Hungary Democracy Forum was established in 1990,and started a switchover to the capitalism system. The reform of the early 1990 had a radical character. Production organizations such as national enterprises and cooperative farms were reformed. Privatization of national enterprises and dismantling of cooperative farms brought under-utilization of machinery, equipment, land, and labor force. Due to the radical reform and deterioration of terms of trade of agriculture at the early 1990,application of fertilizer and pesticide decreased, and investment of agricultural machinery declined, too. Agricultural production declined by 35% during the period 1989-93. The declining trend of agricultural production stopped, and turned to increase since the establishment of the Coalition Party led by the Socialist Party. Agricultural production grew at an average annual growth rate of 1.4% from 1994 to 1999,but production index of 1999 was still about the level of the end of 1960. The levels of current agricultural production and food production are considerably below the potential production capacity of Hungary.

• 神戸大学の論文
• 2002-02-25

著者

• 加古 敏之

  神戸大学農学部

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