出自説と世代説 : オーストラリアの文族性をいかに理解するか

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• The writers of the present paper do not presume to propose a brand-new explanation of the Australian class system. The merit of this paper, if any, may be found in a presentation, after their own fashion, of the heretofore neglected or overlooked point of view in regard to the question taken up first by SERVICE and lately restated by DUMONT from a point of view completely different from the former's. There is a predominant view on the nature of the Kariera-type of four-class and the Aranda type of eight-class systems; according to this view, the four-class system is explained by the crossing of patrilineal moieties and matrilineal moieties, and the eight-class system by the presence of four patrilineal lines crosscut by matrilineal moieties. The descent-line explanation of this sort was explicitly applied to the Australian case by RADCLIFFE-BROWN, and this was supported by LAWRENCE and MURDOCK with some revision of the former's thesis on the primary determinant of the kinship terminology and marriage rules over the class arrangement. Children belong to the class of the FaFa and MoMo in the Kariera, and to the class of the FaFa in the Aranda. This is what has been called the alternating generations. According to the above-mentioned descent theorists, the distinctions between generations are insignificant and merely a by-product of the intercrossing of descent lines. This is what we might we call the descent reductionist theory, derived from an a priori argument that social grouping is shaped by the form of descent. The writers suspect that this theory eventually ended up in pointing to the logically possible existence of descent-lines, and that it never allowed of a relational analysis of the matter. The generational distinction in class nomenclature is an ethnographical fact, whereas matrilineal moieties are a logical construct derived from the mental make-up of anthropologists. Only when they have exhausted the possibility of explanation by way of ethnographical facts should it be necessary to resort to a priori logical schemata. The Kariera possess two kinds of local groups, and the Aranda four, all of which are divided into two generation sections. The writers would like to stress, as one of the basic components of the class system, the terminological distinction between adjacent generations in preference to hypothetical matrilineal descent. They do not deny genetic relationships between marriage rules and class divisions.

• 日本文化人類学会の論文
• 1967-12-31

著者

• 松園 万亀雄

  東京都立大学

• 松園 典子

  東京都立大学社会人類学研究室

• 松園 典子

  日本民族学会

関連論文

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• 石川榮吉著, 『日本人のオセアニア発見』, 平凡社, 1992, x,426頁, 5,600円
• 子の監護と婚資返却 : グシイにおける離婚訴訟の分析
• ケニアの法体系とグシイ族の離婚裁判(1950 年代)
• 内婚父系集団の構造 : 研究発表 : 日本民族学会第8回研究大会要旨
• B-3-2 : 社会・政治組織 : 民族学
• Robert N. PEHRSON, The Social Organization of the Marri Baluch. Compiled and analyzed from his notes by Fredrik BARTH., Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 43, Chicago, Aldine Publishing Company, 1966, pp.xii+127.
• Fredrik BARTH, Nomads of South Persia: The Basseri Tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1965, First published 1964, 159 pp.
• 出自説と世代説 : オーストラリアの文族性をいかに理解するか
• Don MARTINDALE (ed.), Functionalism in the Social Sciences, The Strength and Limits of Functionalism in Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, and Sociology, Monograph 5 in a series sponsored by the Ameriecan Academy of Political and Social Science,
• ヤクート族のクミス酒
• Marvin HARRIS, The Nature of Cultural Things, N. Y., Random House, 1964, VIII, 209pp. $1.95
• 女子割礼 : グシイ族の事例
• 東部ウガンダ・パドラ族の民族誌的覚え書
• Bronislaw MALINOWSKI, 藤井正雄訳, 文化変化の動向(The Dynamics of Culture Change), 東京:理想社, 1963年, 268頁, 800円

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