韓国における五家統制について
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
This study shows that the transformation of Korean village structure from a scattered type to a concentrated one could be attributed largely to a government program which was formulated during the first year of King Sukchon' reign to reform every neighborhood by the unit of five adjoining families in every village. (五家統制).Under the system, each neighborhood of five families was maintained as the lowest administrative unit during the Yi Dynasty mainly to serve the dual purposes of functioning as an autonomous part of village and as an auxiliary organ of the state, helping the government in collecting levies and keeping public order and peace. The Ogatongje we find in the history of Korea is a kind of social system, under which a neighborhood in every village was formed of five adjoining families for the purpose of mutual support and vigilance. It had characters of autonomous community of natural villages and was instituted and maintained for a long period of time under the Yi Dynasty. This study chiefly deals with the historical background that had necessitated the rigid enforcement of the system throughout the country, explains details of the 21-Point Program of the Ogatongje that was issued by King Sukchong in 1675, and also tries to describe in what intensity and to what extent each of the 21-Points was applied in the actual en-forcement of the system, comparing each one with another. The materials based on are those family registry cards which had been prepared on families resident in the areas of Songdong.ni and Yongnak-ni, Daejonghyon, Cheju-do (済州島 大静県,城東里,永楽里) , during more than 100 years from 1798 to 1908. According to the above materials, a neighborhood was formed by the unit of five families and was headed by a chief whose main job was to chek each family against its registry card. Each card was so prepared as to show evey member of individual family, indicating, in the case of family head, his social status, name, age, and sexagesimals (干支). Next, Bon (patrilineal origin) was entered. This was then followed by the names and social status of his father, grand-father, great-grand-father, and maternal grand-father-a four progenitor system to indicate the descent of each family. However, this four-progenitor system was limited to the family or household head and his spouse only within the family. Other family members were indicated just as members (siksol 食卒) , along with their social status, names, ages, and sexagesimals. For names of members, however, only his given name was entered for each male member, but only the surname was entered in the case of each female member. This differenec in the method of recording names can be, on the one hand, attributed to the Confucian concept of giving more importance to the males than to female but, on the other hand, it can be also that the basic purpose of instituting the Ogatong System was to mobilize conscripted labor for the state, and thus, the male members (who are the prime source of labor) were recorded differently so as to identify them easily. The Ogatong System was basically instituted for the efficient control of people. Therefore, it was inevitable that the system was rigorously enforced without any discrimination whatsoever. The neighborhood reformation was so designed, in principle, as to establish each township (myun 面) along the existing boundaries of natural villages. It was not permitted for any family to move its residence from one place to another. However, there were observed many instances in which many families moved their residences in spite of the proscription.
- 日本文化人類学会の論文
- 1979-09-30