Deuterium Content of Water Substances in Antarctica Part I. Geochemistry of Deuterium in Natural Water on the East Ongul Island
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概要
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The deuterium content of 40 samples of water substances from Antarctica was determined mass spectrometrically. Snow samples gave -13.4 to -21.2% for δDsMOW. From these and PICCIOTTO's data, -13.4 to -29.9%, as well as a value -32.0% for the 14 meter deep water of Lake Bonney, Victoria Land, the source of which is assumed to be in the snow in the surrounding area, the possible lower extreme of deuterium fractionation on the earth was given. The value of δDsMOW for continental ice ranged from -15.0 to -23.0%, being similar to those for snow; this fact shows that fallen snow was transformed into glacial ice through no perceptible isotopic fractionation. The value of δDsMOW for pack ice fluctuates around the sea water value, indicating that the major source of this kind of ice is sea water. The chlorine determination supports the view. Puddle water was found to be rather uniform in the content of salt, the major source of which was concluded to be sea water spray or air-borne salt. The results of the determination of δDSMOW, -4.3 to -10.9%, indicate that the source of water is partly land water and partly sea ice, but the direct supply of sea water, if any, must be insignificant. A number of ponds on the East Ongul Island is characterized by a rather high salinity and a ratio Na/Cl smaller than that for sea water. The value of δDsMOW was found to be intermediate between snow water and sea water. From these results it was concluded that the salt of the ponds was transported from the surrounding seas in the form of sea water spray and that the observed value of δDsMOW was caused by fractional concentration of deuterium through evaporation. Thus, the characteristics of different kinds of water substances from Antarctica were clarified and, at the same time, the history of their formation was elucidated.
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