両側性転移からみた運動プログラムの検討
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概要
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the contents of the motor program by analyzing performance transfer in a circle drawing task. One of the explanations for bilateral transfer of motor skill learning is the idea of a motor program. According to this idea, programs developed through practice with one limb can be used when the same task must be performed by the contralateral limb. So, the phenomenon of bilateral transfer of learning is the result of output of already developed programs. When we utilize this notion, it can be hypothesized that there are differences of efficiency between response side conditions and stimulus side conditions. When we learn clockwise circle drawing by the right hand, the best performance will be seen (1) when the same muscles and joints are used as in the original learning. (2) Performance will be next highest when the same muscles and joints of the opposite hand are used in an opposite direction. (3) Again performance will be next highest when the same movement is completed by the left hand in a clockwise direction. (4) The lowest performance will be expected in the right hand-counterclockwise condition. This is because this condition is different from the original learning condition in terms of activated muscles and joints' movement (i.e., direction is changed and the muscles and joints that are activated are changed). So, there will be a significant interaction between hands and directions of rotation. Nine undergraduate students participated in the experiment. The task was to draw a circle in precisely 1.2 sec. The diameter of the circle was 210 mm. Subjects performed the circle drawing 12 times under four conditions (3times each) as the pretest. The conditions of pretest were (1) right hand-clockwise, (2) right hand-counterclockwise, (3) left hand-clockwise, (4) left hand-counterclockwise. The order of the latter three conditions was random. Then subjects traced the criterion circle on the paper 20 times for 1.2sec each. Then they closed their eyes, drew the same circle 5 times. They received knowledge of results (KR) after 5 trials each from a presentation on a computer display. One complete set included 25 trials. Subjects thus performed 20 sets, (500 trials), as the original learning. Then they performed 12 trials under the above conditions as the posttest. Dependent variables were absolute errors and constant errors of the area deviated from the criterion circle (AAE and ACE, respectively), constant errors of the length of the drawn trace to the circumference of the criterion circle (LE), and movement time errors (MTE). One-way repeated measure ANOVA results showed that there were statistically significant decreases in error for all variables. So, learning effects were seen in original learning phase. There were no statistically significant interactions between hands and directions of rotation in the pretest for all variables. However, there were statistically significant interactions in the posttest in the ACE and LE variables. Through these analyses, it was concluded that (A) a motor program is associated with the information of muscles and joints ; (B) this motor program is not specific for the active limb, (C) the motor program is non-specific and available for use by other limbs.
- 1998-07-01