マキァヴェッリと修辞術の伝統
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概要
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This article aims to put Machiavelli's Il Principe in the Florentine rhetorical tradition, and to review its relation to his historiography under the early modern transformation of philosophy/rhetoric problem. As some recent studies show, the revival of ancient rhetoric in the 15-16th centuries' Florentine humanism had a great influence on the style and composition of Il Principe. However, rhetorical factors in Il Principe such as paragone and periodus suggest not only that Machiavelli is in Ciceronian tradition of practical-not aesthetic-rhetoric, but also that classical rhetoric/philosophy debate undergoes an important change in Florentine and Machiavelli's rhetorical historiography. Ciceronian tradition of practical rhetoric emphasized two aspects of philosophy-rhetoric relation as follows. (1) Philosophical truth (ratio) needs rhetoric (oratio) as persuasive means to be effective truth (verita effettuale) ; i. e., philosophers must be rhetoricians. (2) Eloquence must have philosophical truth as foundation of it ; i. e., rhetoricians must be philosophers. Machiavelli's (and Florentine) practical and rhetorical historiography presupposes just the first meaning, and omits the second. In my view, the first meaning of practical rhetoric is in the center of Florentine instructive historiography. In Renaissance humanism, history was regarded as a mixed field of philosophy and eloquence. In other words, the mixture of 'history as discovery of truth (=true intention of political man)' and 'history as effective policy lessons' formed 'politics of history' in Renaissance, which could be traced back to Thucydides and Polybius. According to Leo Strauss, Hobbes discontinued this sequence of 'politics of history', a kind of historicism, and then Rousseau resumed it as 'the second wave of modernity'.
- 早稲田大学の論文
- 2003-03-25