円高と企業経営 : プラザ合意後の円高対応を中心に
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概要
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In 1993, we have entered into an era of strong yen-as high as one hundred yen to a dollar. As a result, there again appears to be an active movement among Japanese companies to shift their production bases abroad. Arisen the yen's strength brought about by the "Plaza Accord" in September 1985 compelled Japanese firms to make aggressive inroads into overseas investments in the US and other important markets. In this process, management strategies were re-examined in view of global prospects to organize the most efficient allocation of funds for production and marketing. Consequently, those companies that have adopted a multi-headquarters system have increased. Under this system, the world market is divided into 3 major regions, namely, North America, Europe and Asia,with a headquarters in each. The current yen's strength has vevived the transfer of production bases to Asian countries. This time, the focus is on China, but not on the US market, which was one of the major targets after the Plaza accord. When debating the influences of any changes of management policies under a strong yen, it worth noting the introduction of "philanthropy" into Japanese management policies. While the concept of philanthropy had been brought to Japan through companies which invested in the US market during the latter half of the 1980s, each headquarters of Japanese companies, besides them, has now noticed it as a current worldwide trend in management elements. Thus, we are now entering upon an era when philanthropic activity is another essential concept to be included in the management policy of global enterprises.