木曽郡楢川村の漆器業に関する産業誌的覚え書き
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概要
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Narakawa-mura is situated along the steep and narrow velley of the Narai River, one of the tributary of the Shinano River System. Rugged landforms and thin alluvium and high altitude above 900m prevail all over the area. Land use conditions for farming and cattle raising, lumbering has been very unfavorable. But, through this village, the Nakasendo Road is passing and, the village has well acccessihility to other areas, particuraly Edo and Kyoto, via this old historical highway. Narakawa-mura is consisted of three major wards, Narai, Hirasawa and Niekawa. Each of them are located along Nakasendo Road, one of the old and very important historical trunk line connecting Edo and Kyoto. Among those three wards, Hirasawa has been prosperous on thriving industry, Shikki (Japan ware) manufacturing. Shikki production has been developed primarily since the Edo Period. This manufacturing involved a high degree of craftsmanship and processings are essentially by handworks rather than mechanizations. In manufacturing Shikki, at first, the wood is shaped and next, laquer is applied and the ware is decorated elaborately with concentrations at the last step. So the product represents the efforts of many individuals and many small scale workshops. The thriving of the Shikki industry in Narakawa-mura reflects the favorable locational conditions of the Nakasendo Road, because its excellent transportation network assures links with Edo at the easternmost point and Kyoto at the western terminal. Edo is the largest central market for selling Shikki products and Kyoto is the core area of the most high level Japanese traditional fine arts and cultures, containing Shikki production technology. After Meiji Restoration, railroad network system had developed and facilitated similarly with Nakasendo Road, and Edo (Tokyo) and Kyoto remained and hold its importance for shikki manufacturing and marketing. Today there are about 150 firms producing Shikki, most of them are very small businesses so as to be named cottage industry and some over 1,000 persons engaged. But they are essential sector for the regional peoples economy life.