多文化主義と言語問題
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概要
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It is inevitable that language problems arise when people of differing ethnic backgrounds live and work in one nation state since language is an essential component of both a nation system and ethnic identity. As long as a society consists of a unified monolingual-monocultural community, there is no internal clash of languages. Whenever communities, societies, or nations divide and conquer, then multiculturalism appears. The multiculturalism popular in sociolinguistics and language politics began in the 1960's when many nation states refrained from establishing only one official language. Instead, as in the Swiss Confederation, multiple official languages and national languages were authorized. The exceptional case is that of the United States of America, where English has not been authorized as the official language under the Constitution, due to the cultural and linguistic diversity. Neverthless, even there, some states have authorized English as the official language. It may well be the case that the national authorization of a policy of multiple official languages results from a compromise as a means to avoid conflicts among plural language users when monolingual unification proves unattainable and languages find themselves competing with one another. Commenting on the de facto recognition of English as the lingua franca of the world, a situation which some linguists criticize as "English language imperialism, " former United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali once said that if all states had to use the same language, think in the same manner, and act in the same way, then there would be great risk of totalitarian system. This saying can be converted to one nation's language policy. In this respect, multiculturalism has contributed greatly to language democracy.
- 大垣女子短期大学の論文
- 1999-03-19