詩の表象的理解と言葉に聞き入ること
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概要
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In this article, an attempt is made to clarify the nature of the thinking with which the children and the teacher in the class, or in general we, read a poem. From the insight by M.Heidegger, two forms of thinking are presented: the metaphysical thinking (metaphysisches Denken) and the poetical thinking (dichtendes Denken). The explication of these two forms of thinking is the task of this article. In the first section, it tries to clarify the nature of the metaphysical thinking. The metaphysical thinking has the same character as the logical, the calculative and the scientific thinking. According to Heidegger, the metaphysical thinking is characterized by the representation (Vorstellung) of things that are, and to represent something is to stand it before us. This means that the representation is to make up the object in terms of subject. Hence it follows that the subject and the represented object don't exist independantly from one another, but exist in a reciprocaly dependent manner in terms of the representation. Therefore, when the children and the teacher image something from a poem, they represent within the subject-object-model. However, the form of the thinking with which we read a poem is not only the representation. In the second section, another form of the thinking, the poetical thinking is proposed and explicated. It follows, according to Heidegger, that in the poetical thinking, on one hand, a human being doesn't exsist as a subject against an object, but is present (west) and exists (ek-sistiert) into the light of being, and on the other hand, being is not subordinate to things that are, but makes human being think and speak genuinly. In the poetical thinking, it is not important to represent something from the poem, but is important to hear the rhythm in the poem, the sound of stillness in the poem. However, those who are accustomed to the metaphysical thinking should think that the poetical thinking Heidegger proposed would be speculative. To dissolve this problem, in the last section, it is examined whether the poetical thinking really occurs or not in a poem reading. To this examination, a criticism is refered to as an example. For the criticism, words are given to the thinking with which the critic reads the poem. We take up a criticism by Tatsuji Miyoshi which seems to have been written with the poetical thinking. Through the description of his thinking form with respect to his concept of "yarikata (a way, Weise)", it becomes clear that he hears the rhythm and the sound of stillness in the poem. Thus we reach the view that the poetical thinking really occurs while he reads a poem, and that not only the metaphysical thinking but also the poetical thinking which Heidegger presented are required to understand or feel a poem adequatly and genuinly.
- 東京大学の論文
- 1996-12-20