<研究ノート>「異文化理解」という捉え方についての検討
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概要
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In recent years, Japanese have had more opportunity than before to come in daily contact with people of diverse cultural backgrounds, both in and outside of Japan. At the same time, Japanese have been criticized for an inability to build constructive relations, based on acceptance of cultural differences, with persons from other cultural backgrounds. For this reason, much research in intercultural communication emphasizes the need to develop communicative competence for intercultural understanding. The aim of this paper is to review and reconsider intercultural communication, with a focus on the positions from which researchers view the phenomenon of Japanese interpersonal communication. In concrete terms, I first examine what researchers mean by "communicative competence" and "intercultural understanding". Upon examination, it appears that these researchers aim to foster the competence that would allow Japanese to interact effectively and positively with peoples from different cultures and respond appropriately according to context. Furthermore, they take the concept of "intercultural understanding" to mean the interlocutors' sharing of "norms", which determine the felicity of each act and see their own position as that of neutral, detached observers, aloof from the observed phenomena. The paper concludes that this mainstream perspective, which aims to promote mutual understanding among interlocutors, represents a particular (and therefore limited) viewpoint.
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