南インド・ローマカトリック教会における秘跡とその社会的機能 : 洗礼と聖体を中心に(特集外論文)
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概要
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Sacraments as outward and visible sings of an inward spiritual grace, are the religious rites to receive the grace that God offers. There are seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Sacrament of Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Sacrament of Holy Orders, and Matrimony. In this paper, an effort is made to examine the reception of the sacraments in South India, which is not only a religious matter, but also a social function to bind people to the community. This time, my analysis is focused on Baptism and First Communion. This researcher did one and half years fieldwork between November 1998 to April 2001 in a Roman Catholic diocese of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, which is well-known as the location where St. Francis Xavier spread the Gospel in 16th century. Although only 2.3% of the Indian population is Christian, 41% of the population in this particular area is Christian (including Roman Catholics and Protestants). In the local terminology, "gnanasnanam" is used for Baptism. Only after Baptism they obtain membership in the Church and receive the necessary services from the Church, including the issue of certificates. Almost 90% of the Baptisms are given to children who are under 7 years old in this diocese. Adults are baptized only when they intend to marry Catholics, in the Catholic Church. This fact shows that not only is the Catholic authority obeyed, which recommends an infant baptism, but also being a Catholic is a way of life in this society. The local term "putu nanmai" is used for the Eucharist. At the age of 12, children are regarded as ready to receive their First Holy Communion. In front of a crowd, children receive Their First Communion in a solemn Mass, on The Feast Day of the church's patron saint. After their First Holy Communion, they need not sit in front of the altar with the younger children. They take a seat on either the right side or the left side of the church, according to their gender. Families give parties to celebrate their children's First Communion at home, with relatives and neighbors to confirm their adolescence. This process strongly suggests that this sacrament socially functions as a kind of rite of passage for them in this South Indian diocese.
- 2002-12-27
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