地域研究におけるカンボジアの文化遺産考察

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The images of Cambodia recalled by foreigners are usually "pessimistic and negative images", such as the long continued civil war, massacres during the Pol Pot regime, land mines and poverty, etc. In contrast, Cambodian cultural heritage, represented by the Angkor monuments, can be located conversely as a "brilliant image". This paper focuses on Cambodian cultural heritage that is / will be a prime mover in the development of Cambodia, not only culturally but also socially and economically. The paper consists of two main sections. In the first section-by selecting four principal terms; "Endogenous development", "Autonomous history and area studies", "Conservation of cultural heritage" and "Role of the history of architecture"-I attempt to grasp the outline of factors concerning Cultural heritage in a global sense. 1) Reflections on development based on occidental industrialization. Developing countries that had once simulated the approach to industrial development used by the occidental, developed countries have gradually converted to an "Endogenous development", using divers approaches based on their own culture. 2) Development of historical studies and academic disciplines. This trend has extended to the field of historical studies, and created a new historical approach called "Autonomous history" that enables the history of each country to be analyzed from divers historical perspectives. Furthermore, this movement has created "Area studies", a new academic discipline used to clarify the structure, characteristics, and mechanisms of each region and nation. 3) The conservation of cultural heritage and its role. The concept of "Endogenous development" has also had an impact on the conservation of cultural heritage, regarded as an important symbol of the cultural identity of each region and nation. Moreover, a new way of intervening for the conservation of cultural heritage is needed that diversifies various techniques based on the traditional and cultural stratification of each region and nation. 4) Reflections on the methodology applied for the history of architecture. The history of architecture that is the driving force behind the conservation of cultural heritage is not totally exploitable for the conservation of cultural heritage. In the second section, I attempt to illustrate problematic elements concerning the conservation of cultural heritage in Cambodia. Due to the Cambodian historical background-political pressure by neighboring countries such as Thailand and Vietnam, French colonization as well as civil war-it is a fact that it may be practically difficult for Cambodia to develop the fundamental resources needed to fully cultivate their own culture. Consequently, the following problems come into question : 1) Cambodian cultural sovereignty and uncertainty concerning proprietorship of the Cambodian monuments 2) Shortage of personnel capable of dealing with the conservation of cultural heritage; 3) Underdevelopment of "Autonomous history" in the historical field, and lack of fundamental or classical studies in the academic disciplines; 4) Fragility of the Cambodian administration and institutions in charge of conservation, and Financial problems due to a weak and underdeveloped economy. On the other hand, due to the long abandonment of the Angkor capital, the following problematic elements can also be mentioned : 5) Extinction of traditional techniques and skills. As a final point, on-going restoration projects also have the following difficult problems to tackle : 6) Diversity of the restoration techniques used for conservation work; and 7) Continuation of the traditional values of Cambodian culture and techniques through on-going restoration. In consideration of the sequence of historical events, and the traditional and cultural stratification of Cambodia, it is desirable that the conservation of Cambodian cultural heritage should also be developed in terms of an interdisciplinary and endogenous perspective.
上智大学の論文
2001-12-27

地域研究におけるカンボジアの文化遺産考察

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