<最終講義>タイの歴史記述における記念顕彰本的性格 : 1942-43 年におけるシャン州外征の独立回復救国物語化をめぐって

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In Thailand, it is a tradition for individuals or organisations to publish books to commemorate a certain person or a monumental incident, such as the cremation volume for a funeral, or a book to celebrate an anniversary. A commemorative book praises the great accomplishments of individuals or groups instead of finding historical facts, even though it looks like history. Thus, only honorable stories are selected, even more, exaggerated and romanticised, than what actually happened in certain cases, while dishonorable incidents are ignored or concealed. If a book is written with a strong sentiment of nationalism, its participation in the war for the national salvation is the story's most significant accomplishment. Such a characteristic discourse can even appear in academic works. This article will examine written and unwritten history in an academic work, namely Thai Military History in the War of Greater East Asia, published by the Armed Forces Education Department in 1997. This book is a product of the ten-year research by a committee consisting of thirty-nine historians in order to illustrate the military history of Thailand during the War, based on primary sources. In this book, it is stated that Thailand was forced by Japan to declare war against Britain and the United States on 25 January 1942,and to advance into the Shan States on 10 May 1942. Yet the book says that the Thai military utilised the opportunity of advancing into Shan States to contact China, one of the allied powers, and succeeded in changing China's policy towards Thailand. Contrary to this historical discourse, archival materials in Japan reveal that it was Thailand which requested the restoration of its deprived land in British Burma, in the beginning of 1942. The Japanese sources suggest that Japan was reluctant to allow Thailand's advance into the Shan States, which could have affected the relationship between Japan and Burma. Furthermore, archival documents in China indicate that Thailand contacted China only after early 1943,but Thailand did not gain China's support throughout 1943. By ignoring these undesirable events, this story in an academic book resembles popular narratives on historical heroes who brought about national independence, such as King Naresuan and King Taksin. This study, which is based on primary historical records outside Thailand and contemporary records within Thailand, discloses that the nationalist discourse in an academic work by historians excludes some facts in order to invent a story of patriotic independence restoration by the Thai military, as commemorative books usually do in Thai culture.
上智大学の論文
1999-12-27

<最終講義>タイの歴史記述における記念顕彰本的性格 : 1942-43 年におけるシャン州外征の独立回復救国物語化をめぐって

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