ベトナムの貿易陶磁 : 日本出土のベトナム陶磁を中心に

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The first entry of Vietnamese ceramics into Japan should be dated with a wide margin of period between ca. 1300 and ca. 1365. The bowl decorated with a chrysantheum spray drawn in underglaze black, excavated in Dazaifu Kyushu (Fig. III, 8) and used by many specialists as an unique evidence for the arrival of Vienamese ceramics in Japan just before 1330,should be treated more carefully, because of complex conditions of its buring. This argument reconsider the historical relationships between Vietnamese ceramics with underglaze black and/or blue decoration and Chinese Yuan ceramics. Until the beginning of the 15th century, Vietnamese ceramics excavated in Japan (Fig. II∿VI) are mainly pieces of same type as the above mentioned one from Dazaifu. Some wares in blue and white with the same design have been also found; as well as a few white porcelains, celadous, brown glazed piecse etc. The finding from a Dazaifu site (second half of the 14th century) of a Vietnamese imitation of so called "typical Yuan blue and white" plate (Photo 3) is worth mentioning, because it is an only proof, kuown until now, of the production of wares of this kind in this period. The evolution of Vietnamese ceramics during the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century must be pursued on the basis of the evidences from other countries, because Japanese archaeologists have excavated nothing from Vietnam for this period. The 15th and 16th centuries were the heyday of Vietuamese trade wares, during which the greatest quantities of items were shipped overseas. The Vietnamese ceramics attained also their best quality at this time. A vase, bearing a dated inscription corresponding to 1450 and kept in the Topkapu Saray Museum is one of the best examples existing of Vietnamese trade ceramics. The destination for most Vietnamese pieces of this periode was Indonesia, since the closure of China's borders to sea trade made Chinese trade ceramics unavailable, thus creating an urgent need for the Vietnamese trade wares. In the second half of the 16th century, Vietnamese trade ceramics reappeared in Japan. However, these were rough, crude pieces incomparable to former production during their heyday. They are mostly white bowls with or without a molded decoration. A shard of blue and white and some underglaze brown painted pieces are also found (Fig. VIII). The most strong effects of China's closed border policy was, Japan's serious shortage in raw silk. Japan's main interest in its trade with Vietnam was to import this material from there and Vietnamese ceramics were brought in only as extra items in the boats carrying raw silk. Among the ceramic shards found at the sites of the residences of wealthy merchants in Sakai and Osaka, the presence of Vietnam-made jars has recently been ascertained (Fig. X, XI). Relying also on the data from other sites, we can establish an evident disparity in the amount of ceramics imported from Vietnamese northern regionsin comparison with those from Vietnamese central regions. At that time, Vietnam was divided between the powerful Trinh Family of Tonkin (north) and the equally powerful Nguyen Family of Kochi (center), who fought each other even for Japanese market. The evdience bears witness to the fact that Japan maintained more contact with central regions. The next stage of Japanese trade with Vietnam in the latter half of the 17th century was not determined by Vietnamese domestic situation, but more by the fact that, since Japan closed its doors to the world at this time, the maritime trade changed hands. It is generally considered that almost the same Vietnamese ceramics as of the precedent period were available from the trade ships of the Dutch East India Company and from the trade junks of China and other Asian countries. Vietnamese ceramics appeared in Japan for the final time at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries. Almost all of them were shallow bowls with stamped design in underglaze brown (F
上智大学の論文
1993-12-26

著者

森本朝子
福岡市教育委員会

ベトナムの貿易陶磁 : 日本出土のベトナム陶磁を中心に

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