都市におけるバイオトープ地図化 1 : 東京都および横浜市の都市集中域におけるパイロットスタディ
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Progress in urban ecology in the last 30 years has shown that also many plants and animals live in urban agglomerations and are adapted to the specific ecological conditions in urban areas. Nature conservation in cities focuses on protection of their biotopes (habitats) as a basis for a direct contact between urban dwellers and the natural elements of their surroundings, and in order to preserve biodiversity as well as to mitigate the extremes of urban climates and water regimes. Fifteen years ago, investigations started in Germany in order to inventory the habitats of flora and fauna which are important for nature conservation in cities. The investigations, which became famous as "biotope mapping", focused mainly on floristic and phytosociological features. Additionally, some animal groups were selected. In principle, two methods of biotopes mapping can be distinguished : 1) Selective mapping investigates only biotopes worthy of protection. 2) Comprehensive mapping raises biological data representative of all land-use types and biotopes. The advantage of comprehensive mapping in that it provides a broader basis for later utilization of the results. The disadvantage is that it requires a great deal of money, time and staff. Therefore, in most German cities, until now selective mapping was employed. For the city Augsburf, where both methods were used biotope maps are shown. Their application in nature conservation and city planning are explained. In contrast to most European countries, where meanwhile biotope mapping is an important basis for nature conservation, similar standardized investigations so far do not exist in Japan. Therefore, in the urban agglomeration of Tokyo-Yokohama, a pilot study was started in the summer of 1996 in order to test this method in Japan.
- 横浜国立大学の論文