<研究ノート>ブラウン判決負の遺産 : メキシコ系アメリカ人の教育への影響
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
In the United States, minority groups such as African-Americans and Hispanics have been fighting for a long time to get an education equal to white children's. In 1954,the US Supreme Court finally ruled that the educational segregation was unconstitutional in Brown v Board of Education. The American people place such a high value on this decision that the Brown case has been called the most important political, social, and legal event in America's twentieth-century history. On the other hand, the situation of Mexican-Americans' education had been very disappointing until some organizations resorted to legal help after World War II. This ethnic group was historically apt to be overshadowed by the black-white segregation issue, despite their significant numbers in the Southwest. Mexican-Americans, however, have steadily gained small victories in the educational field in the Southwest since the 1940s. Then, the Brown judgment was handed down. The Southerners' resistance was incredibly fierce and white people used "all lawful means to bring about a reversal of this decision." One of their "means" was a Black & Mexican-American pairing, because at that time, the latter group was categorized as white. This unexpected action forced Mexican-Americans to change their legal strategy from "Mexican-Americans are white" theory to "we are an identifiable ethnic minority." They had claimed before that they were white and that they were en-titled to receive an education equal to Anglo children. But, after Brown, they had to claim that they were an identifiable minority group who shared with African Americans aspects of economic and cultural deprivation and discrimination. This legal shift and the tardiness of its expression resulted in Mexican-Americans under-achievement in education which has not yet been remedied, according to the data. Therefore, the author concluded that the Brown case might be a monumental achievement in African-American's history, but that it was a harsh stumbling block for Mexican-Americans. This paper consists of six sections. Section I tells the history of discrimination against Mexican-Americans in the Southwest. Section 11 analyzes several lawsuits in which Mexican -Americans were fighting the use of the "other white" theory, and Section 111 introduces the Hernandez case in 1954,where Mexican-Americans, for the first time, were admitted as a distinct class in Jackson County, Texas. Section IV focuses on the Brown case and the immense southern resistance ; then, Section V explains the details of how Mexican-Americans had to completely change their legal strategy after Brown. Finally, the author concludes that contrary to what is believed, the Brown case had a strong negative side effect on the education of Mexican-Americans.
- 同志社大学の論文