「ポライトネス」 : その理論とスピーチ・アクトにおける例

概要

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This paper aims firstly to review the pragmatic notion of 'politeness', then to describeexamples of how 'politeness' is expressed and discerned in English and Japanese, basedon the data collected from high school students in Utah, U. S. A., Victoria, Australia, andTokyo, Japan. The participants were asked how they would respond in offendingscenarios given in the Discourse Completion Test. With reference to previous studies,the author explains that 'politeness' is a linguistic strategy employed in order to save'face' of the interlocutors with the manipulation of three factors ; Distance, Power, andthe Weight of the Imposition. The data show that these factors are influential, and alsoindicate several different responses among the participants because these factors arerelational and culturally based, and because pragmatic skills are developmental. Conspicuousinter-cultural differences are: Japanese high school students tend to employ a'hierarchical politeness' system to their teacher but their social tact is not highly developedyet. American high school students tend to employ a 'deference politeness' systembasically to their teacher and classmate, and their developmental stage is relatively high.Australian students tend to employ a 'solidarity politeness' system more frequently thanthe other systems.
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