蘇東坡古詩用韻考
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。A comparison of the rhymes in the poetical works of Su Tung-p'o 蘇東坡 (Su Shih 蘇軾, 1036-1101), especially in his 'old style' (Ku-shih 古詩) compositions, reveals considerable differences between them and the rhymes of his predecessors' works, especially those of the T'ang poets. The distinctive characteristics of Su Tung-p'o's rhymes are especially clearly seen in those instances in which he used words in the so-called ' entering tone' (ju-sheng 入聲) as end-rhymes. Some examples of these rhymes are presented in Appendix A. The most striking feature here is that the poet confused the three kinds of final consonants, -p, -t, -k, of the ' entering tone' words, which had been clearly distinguished during the T'ang dynasty (VII-IX centuries). This confusion of sounds may well have been caused by Tung-p'o not following the authorized rhyme dictionaries (Kuan-yun 官韻) which had been compiled as reference works for use in the state civil-service examinations, but instead composing his poems in accordance with his own real pronunciation of the words. The rhymes in his ' old style' poems are freer than those in his modern-style poems 近體 ('regulated verse', lu-shih 律詩), but it does not necessarily follow that this is because he was in these cases using the 'old-rhymes' (ku-yin 古音) as a model, because actually the c old style ' form arose originally as a new style following the popularity of the modern-style. The supposition that these irregular rhymes of Su Tung-p'o were due to the actual pronunciation of the Chinese language in his time may perhaps be verified by the fact that the irregularities appearing in his ku-shih are very similar to those appearing in his poems of the tz'u 詞 genre. Examples collected from his tz'u are presented in Appendix B. (Appendices C and D are examples of irregular rhymes from tz'u written by Chou Pang-yen 周邦彦 (1056-1121) and Liu Yung 柳永 (ca. 990-1050)). Their characteristic feature is also the confusion of the final implosives -p, -t, -k. The author considers that this confusion represents the real pronunciation of ' entering tone' words during the XI century, namely the coalescence of the final implosives into a glottal stop [?], because more examples of similar irregularities are to be found among the works of other tz'u poets of the same period such as Chou Pang yen and Liti Yung. In the Sung period, the tz'u was a freer, more vulgar style of verse than the shih. In the case of each irregular rhyme recorded in Appendices A, B, C and D, the author has added the numbers and names of the rhyme-word groups (vun 韻) used in the authorized rhyme dictionary Chi-yun 集韻 (compiled in the year 1037; its phonemic system is almost uniform with that of the Kuang-yun 廣韻 - Chieh-yun 切韻 of 601), and also the names used in the Ch'ing 清 scholar Ko Tsai's 戈載 rhyme book Tz'u-lin cheng-yun 詞林正韻, compiled for the reference of tz'u composers. Ko Tsai's work itself may be regarded as an attempt at a reconstruction of the phonemic system of spoken Chinese of the Sung dynasty (X-XIV centuries); however, according to the author's opinion, Ko's classification conforms to the contents of the now-lost tz'u-yun 詞 韻 of Chu Tun-ju 朱敦儒 (ca. 1080-1174), as far as we know this work from the account given of it by the Ming author T'ao Tsung-i 陶宗儀 (ca. 1320- 1402); this work seems to have been based upon the pronunciation of the time of its compilation. Appended Tables I and II give a conspectus of the above-mentioned revisions.
- 京都大学の論文
- 1956-11-20