Distribution of diatoms in a small area in the Indian sector of the Antarctic

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During the Pre-FIBEX cruise of the R. V. KAIYO MARU to the Indian sector of the Antarctic in 1979/80,a small area surrounded by 61°and 65°S parallels and 100°and 120°E meridians was investigated. The hydrographic stations were 37 where the surface samples were collected at each station and the subsurface samples at 9 stations. The diatom species were 38 species of Centrales and 16 species of Pennales in occurrence. Of 54 species identified, however, total percentages of 7 species accounted for more than 72% of the total cells of diatoms, and these 7 species were considered to be significant species in the study area. They were Fragilariopsis 'nana', F. rhombica, F. kerguelensis, F. curta, Nitzschia 'closterioides', N. pungens, and Dactyliosolen spp. The abundance of diatoms and the distribution of diatom species showed significant horizontal variations within a small spatial scale. The 'length-scale' of the patchiness was estimated to be an order of several tens to hundred kilometers, and the estimated range agreed with that in the North Pacific. It is also suggested that the local concentrations of Euphausia superba have a close relationship to the peculiar species of diatoms rather than to the diatom communities.
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