Role of Microbial Biomass in Biogeochemical Processes in Paddy Soil Environments

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概要

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• Soil microbial biomass (hereafter referred to as microbial biomass), defined holistically as the living component of soil organic matter (i. e., all organisms with a volume less than 5,000 μm^3, e. g., bacteria, fungi, protozoa), is actively involved in biogeochemical processes that occur in soil microniches of paddy soils. These processes include organic matter decomposition, microbial oxidoreduction, and cycling of N, C, and plant nutrients. The nature and extent of these biogeochemical processes cannot be approximated without understanding the involvement of microorganisms in these processes. Microbially-mediated biogeochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, N_2-fixation, organic matter decomposition, subsoil oxidoreduction, and nutrient immobilization, lead to increases in the content of microbial biomass, while processes, such as biomass turnover and mineralization, lead to its decrease. In addition, the level of microbial biomass in the paddy soil ecosystem is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors, such as N fertilization, organic matter applications, soil type, flooded-upland soil rotation, and soil depth. Methods to measure soil microbial biomass as a single pool of organic matter include substrate-induced respiration, chloroform fumigation-incubation, chloroform fumigation-extraction, and adenosine triphosphate. However, these holistic methods provide little information about the community composition and physiological state of the soil microbial biomass and reasons why the soil microbial biomass changes over time and under different conditions. However, these methods are useful in understanding of cycling and dynamics of soil organic matter, especially where whole suites of organisms are involved. Culturing and isolation of microorganism provide answers to the shortcomings of the single pool biomass methods. Newer methods that can provide valuable information about the physiological state of soil microbial communities and provide more sensitivity to detect changes in these communities include : gene-based analytical methods, microbial activity, tracer isotopes, and analysis of biomarkers. Depending upon the objectives of a study or the problem to be addressed, any of the analytical methods described offer a best and efficient approach to analyze soil microbial biomass.

• 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文

著者

• Inubushi K

  Chiba Univ. Matsudo Jpn

• Acquaye S

  Chiba Univ. Matsudo Jpn

• Inubushi Kazuyuki

  Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University

• Acquaye Solomon

  Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University

• Acquaye Solomon

  Graduate School Of Science And Technology Chiba University Soil Science Laboratory

• Inubushi Kazuyuki

  Laboratory Of Soil Science Faculty Of Horticulture Chiba University

• Acquaye Solomon

  Graduate School Of Science And Tech. Chiba University

関連論文

• Role of Microbial Biomass in Biogeochemical Processes in Paddy Soil Environments
• 6-10 Microbial activity and diversity in floodwater and surface soil layers of paddy fields under Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)
• Comparative Effects of Application of Coated and Non-Coated Urea in Clayey and Sandy Paddy Soil Microcosms Examined by the ^N Tracer Technique : II. Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass N and Microbial ^N Immobilization(Fertilizers and Soil Amendment
• Comparative Effects of Application of Coated and Non-Coated Urea in Clayey and Sandy Paddy Soil Microcosms Examined by the ^N Tracer Technique : I. Effects on Growth, N Uptake, and Yield of Rice Crop(Fertilizers and Soil Amendments)
• 60 Microbial community in floodwater and surface layer soils of paddy field as affected by elevated CO_2
• Effects of slow release fertilizers on microbial biomass in submerged soil microcosms without plants(The Annual Meeting of the Society in 2001)

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