21世紀の石炭技術の戦略
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概要
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Deployment of Technology Strategies for Coal Use Coal generates high emission on volumes of CO2 on combustion and thus exerts a relatively large burden on the environment as compared with petroleum and natural gas. On the other hand, however, coal energy offers great supply security for the 21st century in view of the relatively large reserves in comparison with other energies such as petroleum. The strategic target is therefore to achieve a coal use that will lessen the environmental load in 21st century further. If we take the technology development that has been pursued up to the present, that is, up to the year 2000 as the first generation of development toward higher efficiency, the second generation of efficiency upgrading will extend to the year 2010 and be targeted at a 20 % reduction in CO2 emission through the utilization of combined cycle power generation technology by the use of coal combustion and gasification process technology. "The hybrid generation" of efficiency upgrading that comes after this will span the decade from 2010 through to 2020 and its target will be a 30 % reduction in CO2 emissions to through the practical application of fuel cell power generation based on the gasification of coal. The objective for the period from 2020 to 2030 will then be a decisive leap in technological development to the attainment of "the zero emission goal" that will bring about the turn to "zero emissions of pollutant" such as CO2 into the atmosphere on the basis of core technologies involving the production of hydrogen from coal and the total separation and recovery of by-product CO2. Deployment of Technology Strategies for Coal Development Although there are abundant coal reserves in the world. amidst the present trend of increasing coal demand primarily in the Asian region and the existing forecasts of dwindling deposits capable of being economically mined, the strategic targets adopted by Japan in an effort to achieve supply security are to make use of the wealth of technologies Japan has acquired and deploy them in and for the benefit of overseas coal fields, as well as to develop coal in a safe, low-cost and environment-friendly manner. At present, the coal producing countries are facing a steady contraction of economically minable coal deposits and the challenging prospects of an ever-greater need to increase productivity, turn from open-cast to underground mining, and proceed to increasingly deeper depths and remoter seams. In view of these present-day realities, the development targets for the period of up to the year 2010 will primarily focus on "more advanced technology development" in the areas of existing exploration, evaluation, production, and safety technology and their application to field conditions in the coal producer countries. After this until the year 2020, priority will focus on "technology development in new fields" involving the use of low-grade coal and the recovery and utilization of coal mine methane gas. From then to the year 2030, the thrust of development will be directed toward the development of "next-generation technology" that will permit the utilization of unused energy resources , including coal in ultra-deep strata by use of coal production techniques based on automation and unmanned miming operations as well as in-situ underground coal gasification.
- 社団法人 資源・素材学会の論文
- 2000-12-25