教科書の共通キーワードからみた人口地理学教育の基礎・基本
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This study focuses on the educational context of population geography, in which common key words are extracted from population geography textbooks, considering interrelations between the key words with the presentation of the minimum essentials for population geography education.<BR>Population geography emerged as a pivotal element in geography in the 1950s and became more systematic in human geography in the 60s and 70s. The demographic revolution in population geography became evident in the 80s, redefining the subdiscipline as spatial demography. In the 90s, population geography again emphasizes its identity of being a subdiscipline of geography (Fig. 1).<BR>Eight population geography textbooks are selected, which range from an introductory guide to an advanced review of academic affairs (Table 1). The extraction of key words is based on the KWIC (key word in context) method, which extracts nouns and noun phrases from textbook contents. The results are summarized as follows (Table 2 and Fig. 2).<BR>1. It is the principal requirement of population geography education to comprehend the characteristics of “population” (key word number 1 in Table 2) from geographical perspectives. Comprehension is based on the following six subcontents : definition of “population geography” (4); process of “population growth” (8); components of “populationchange” (20); “population distribution” (22) and its spatial pattern ; contribution to “population policy” (43); and projection through “population modelling” (45).<BR>2. “Migration” (2) is the second principal common key word, which has two categories : “internal migration” (31) and “international migration” (37). The former contains intraurban “mobility” (16) and daily “circulation” (41) in some cases.<BR>3. The importance of “fertility” (7) or “mortality” (14) is lower than that of “migration” (2). But it is important to clarify “fertility pattern” (34) in a spatial context.<BR>4. In population geography, “transition” (12) is almost used as “demographictransition” (28). While, traditionally, demographic transition was regarded in the same context of vital transition, some textbooks make it possible to include mobility transition and epidemiological transition.<BR>5. The remaining common key words also play important roles as components of population geography education. Concretely, they can be expressed as follows : learning through “case study” (19); “analysis” (44) oriented to “theory” (6), “model” (21), “factor” (33), “process” (36) and “system” (40); and emphasizing “scale” (47) and “individual” (48) concepts.
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