多義語の語彙ネットワークに関する研究(2) : 英語学習者の語義習得についての一考察

概要

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Acquiring every sense of polysemic adjectives is one of the hardest parts of language learning, because the meanings of those adjectives are extended through metaphor and those metaphorical expressions may reflect cultural differences. For example Japanese adjective 'omoi', whose core meaning is equivalent to 'heavy' in English, can be used with 'byoki' (disease) expressing the seriousness of the disease. 'Omoi byoki' (serious disease) is one of the dead metaphors of 'omoi'. Dead metaphors and synaesthetic meanings are so common that people don't realize them as metaphors. Do Japanese learners of English think 'omoi byoki' can be translated into 'heavy disease' in English? What is the basis of their decisions about which metaphors can be translated literally and which metaphors cannot? The purpose of this study is to obtain some clues to answering these questions through experiments. This study investigated the results of judgment tests administered to 29 subjects. They were given 16 Japanese phrases that contained 'omoi' (heavy), and were instructed to make a judgment if 'heavy' can be acceptable as a translation of 'omoi'. They were also given 12 synaesthetic phrases in Japanese, and instructed to make a judgment if they can be literally translated into English. They tend to think 'omoi' and 'heavy' have only a few meanings in common, and synaesthetic expressions in two languages are also different. The result suggests that their judgments were made based on the thought that there is a considerable distance between the schemata of Japanese and English.

多義語の語彙ネットワークに関する研究(2) : 英語学習者の語義習得についての一考察

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