中国の財政・金融改革と地域間消費平準化
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概要
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The fiscal system of China during the reform era was managed on a basis that prioritized the economic development of certain areas over equal development across all areas. Consequently, fiscal redistribution among areas by central government weakened through the 1980s, and the gap in spending power between coastal and inland areas has grown consistently since that period.Moreover, some researchers have pointed out that the 'tax assignment system' (fenshuizhi), which was introduced in 1994 to improve this situation, has not achieved the desired effect.On the other hand, the reform of the financial system, which also took place in the mid-1990s, expanded control of the central bank. This reform comprised: (i) the establishment of banks that concentrated on public finance; (ii) the abolition of the provincial branches of the People's Bank of China; and (iii) the establishment of various financial laws.Previous research in the US, EU and Japan has shown clearly that the gap in consumption per person among the provinces is smaller than the gap of per capita GDP, because the temporary shock in GDP can be smoothed by various ways, such as moving treasury funds between areas, and fluctuations in savings in each area.However, research that clearly shows the function of consumption smoothing among the provinces, especially by the fiscal or financial means, has never been done before.In this paper, we carry out an econometric analysis which uses economic indices, such as per capita GDP within provinces, to show whether the function of consumption equalization has even been seen in China, and what kind of role the fiscal and financial system played in this, and whether there was any change that depended on reform of the reforms, such as the introduction of the tax assignment system.Based on the results of this analysis, we try to find the problems that Chinese macro- economic and redistribution policy have confronted in recent years, and to consider the direction in which the ongoing fiscal and financial reform should advance.
- 一般財団法人 アジア政経学会の論文
著者
関連論文
- 磯部靖著, 慶應義塾大学出版会, 『現代中国の中央・地方関係-広東省における地方分権と省指導者』, 2008年6月刊, 379ページ, 税込6,300円
- 白井早由里著 『人民元と中国経済』
- 中国の財政・金融改革と地域間消費平準化