水及び有機液体の表面張力に及ぼす分散力の寄与
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概要
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The interfacial tensions between two kinds of immiscible organic liquids and also the immiscible organic liquid and water were investigated. The equations for free energy of their adhesion have been derived under the following assumptions : (i) the potential function would be separated into dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction and polarization term (ii) the molecular distribution was homogeneous in both phases. The interfacial tension, γ<SUB>ab</SUB> thus obtained, was designated by the following equation, γ<SUB>ab</SUB> =γ<SUB>a</SUB>+γ<SUB>b</SUB>-2k<SUB>ab</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>ξ<SUB>ab</SUB>√γ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>d</SUP>γ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>d</SUP> (I), where γ<SUB>a</SUB> and γ<SUB>b</SUB> were the surface tensions of liquids a and b, k<SUB>ab</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>=4d<SUB>d</SUB>/d<SUB>a</SUB> (1+d<SUB>b</SUB>/d<SUB>a</SUB>) <SUB>-2</SUB>andξ<SUB>ab</SUB>=1+ (α<SUB>a</SUB>μ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>+α<SUB>b</SUB>μ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>) /<I>A</I><SUB>ab</SUB>+2μ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>μ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>/3<I>A</I><SUB>ab</SUB>k<I>T</I>. Furthermore d is the equilibrium distance between the respective adjacent molecules and α, μ and <I>A</I> are the polarizability, dipole moment and attraction constant, respectively. This equation was considered to be the generalized expression to represent the several equations proposed before. The interfacial tension γ<SUB>ab</SUB> between the non-polar organic liquids and polar organic liquids or water was measured by the capillary method. The dispersion force component of surface tension of polar organic liquid, γ<SUP>d</SUP>, was obtained from eq. (I) using many kinds of non-polar liquids as the reference. These showed a reasonable agreement with the ones by the contact angle method and showed much more reasonability because of the smaller standard deviations. The known dispersion force components of surface tension γ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>d</SUP> and the interfacial tension γ<SUB>ab</SUB> for both polar liquids a and b were used to obtain γ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>d</SUP> from both eq. (I) and the equation, γ<SUB>ab</SUB>=γ<SUB>a</SUB>+γ<SUB>b</SUB>-2k<SUB>ab</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>√γ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>d</SUP>γ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>a</SUP>-2k<SUB>ab</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>√ (γ<SUB>a</SUB>-γ<SUB>a</SUB><SUP>d</SUP>) (γ<SUB>b</SUB>-γ<SUB>b</SUB><SUP>d</SUP>) (II) which was perceived more reasonable than eq. (I).
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