Formation and Sintering Characteristics of ZnMn2O4-type Spinels Using IZC Powder Recycled from the Waste of Used Dry Batteries

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ZnMn2O4 spinel ceramics with NTC character were fabricated using a powder recycled from used dry batteries. The recycled powder (IZC) consisting of oxides of Zn and Mn as major solid phases was mixed with given amounts of hydrous MnCO3 and heated in the temperature range 900°C-1300°C. The ZnMn2O4 spinel powders were produced from mixtures with mass ratio of MnCO3/IZC larger than 1/2 above 900°C. The densification of the spinel powders thus obtained was considerably improved by washing the starting IZC powder with distilled water, which substantially reduced the concentrations of K, S and Cl components contained as impurities. Among oxide additives used to modify the densification and/or electrical properties of the spinel ceramics, the NiO additive (5 mass%) caused a drastic lowering in the electrical resistivity of the spinel sample by about four orders of magnitude at room temperature. Thus, the NiO-doped spinel ceramics obtained from a recycled IZC powder could be applied to a practical NTC thermistor with B=5650 K.
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