Sex Differences in the Acute and Long-term Toxicity of Copper, Chromium and Zinc to Daphnia magna

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The acute toxicity of 3 metal irons, copper (II) , chromium (IV) and zinc (II) and the long-term toxicity (21-day exposure) of copper were evaluated in both male and female <I>Daphnia magna</I> (Cladocera, Branchiopoda) to investigate sex differences. Prior to toxicity tests, environmental conditions, in which daphnids produced male neonates at a higher ratio and with predictable timing, were examined and a practical method to obtain males was determined. Male and female neonates were obtained from female parents exposed to a shorter photoperiod and reduced food supply, and were used for the acute and long-term toxicity tests. There was no significant difference between the male and female 48hr- EC<SUB>50</SUB> values in the acute toxicity test or mortality, fecundity or growth parameters in the long-term toxicity test. It is therefore considered that there is no large sex difference in the acute toxicity of copper, chromium, zinc and in the long-term toxicity of copper.
日本環境毒性学会の論文