Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment: acute toxicities for organisms at three trophic levels
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概要
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We examined acute toxicities of ten nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs:1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 1,5-dinitronaphthalene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, and 1,8-dinitropyrene) for marine organisms at three trophic levels, viz., the diatom <I>Skeletonema costatum</I>, the crustacean <I>Tigriopus japonicus</I>, and two species of fish, <I>Fundulus heteroclitus</I> and <I>Pleuronectes yokohamae</I>. We were able to estimate acute toxicity values of three nitro-PAHs for <I>S. costatum</I>, five nitro-PAHs for T. japonicus, three nitro-PAHs for <I>F. heteroclitus</I>, and one nitro-PAH for <I>P. yokohamae</I>. The most toxic nitro-PAHs were 1-nitropyrene for <I>S. costatum</I> (average 72-h median effect concentration: 0.53μg/L), 1,6-dinitropyrene for <I>T. japonicus</I> (average 24-h median effect concentration: 3.5 μg/L), 3-nitrofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene for <I>F. heteroclitus</I> (average 96-h median lethal concentration: 170 μg/L), and 1-nitronaphthalene for <I>P. yokohamae</I> (average 96-h median lethal concentration: 770 μg/L). We also estimated predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of nitro-PAHs. The PNECs of 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitrofluorene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 1,5-dinitronaphthalene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, and 1,8-dinitropyrene were 5,600, >46, 17, 4.2, >0.33, >380, >8.6, 130, 33, and 41 ng/L, respectively. The information on environmental concentrations of nitro-PAHs is inadequate, environmental risk assessment awaits further research.
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