Characteristics of Ultisols under Different Wildfire History in South Sumatra, Indonesia: I. Physico-chemical Properties.
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Fire has become a great threat to Indonesian rainforest. However, informative data quantifying the effects of wildfire on the soils are still limited. We have been studying the leftover effect of forest fire on characteristics of Indonesian Ultisols. Current experiment evaluated physico-chemical characteristics of soils under different ecosystems with different wildfire history. Seven sites, which could be grouped into unburnt sites (conservation forest (CF), Pine forest (iF), Acacia mangium plantation (AM), and home garden (HG)) and burnt sites (Acacia mangilan plantations bumt in i995,L997, and 1998) referred as AM-b95, AM-b97, and AM-b98, respectively, were sampled. Organic layer was found in CR PR and AM but not in any other sites. Morphologically, soils of unbunt sites had darker A horizon than those of burnt sites. In spite of lack of significant differences, bulk density decreased with increasing period after fire, indicating the recovery process. Although the upper layer of the bunt soils was physically harder than that of the unbumt soils, soil hardness did not appear to be a limiting factor for plant growth. Soil in the unbumt sites was chemically more acid but contained more organic C and N than that in the burnt sites. Surface soil of PF, AM-b98, and HG had much higher exchangeable Ca than any other sites. However the CEC was low across the study sites, irrespective of the high clay content. Available P was also low, and correlated with high Al solubility. Crysialline Al, Si, and Fe contents of all soils were higher than amorphous Al, Si, and Fe oxides. ZpC values were low across the study sites. However, higher negative charge generated by organic matter had resulted in lower ZPC values at the surface layer as compared with the subsurface layer. Although soils in the unbumt sites showed a better physico-chemical potential than the bunt site, in general Ultisols in the study sites had undergone strong weathering and showed low natural fertility potential.
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