Crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-modified Bi0.5+0.5xNa0.5−0.5xTi1−xMn0.75xMo0.25xO3 solid solutions

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In this study, Bi0.5+0.5xNa0.5−0.5xTi1−xMn0.75xMo0.25xO3 (BNTMM) ceramics were synthesized and the influence on their crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of the Bi, Mn and Mo substitutions for Na and Ti was investigated. Based on variations in the lattice parameters, the solubility limit was determined to be x = 0.0075. From crystal structural refinement in the single phase region, it was found that the Bi, Mn and Mo substitutions for Na and Ti may exert an influence on the covalency of B–O (B = Ti, Mn, and Mo) and (Bi,Na)–O bonds, leading to a structural distortion of BO6 octahedra and (Bi,Na)O12 polyhedra, which may affect the remnant polarization (Pr). The highest Pr value of 40.3 µC/cm2 was obtained for x = 0.0075 and the corresponding coercive field Ec was 70.3 kV/cm.
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