Hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of guaiacol used in traditional dental pulp sedation: Reaction kinetic study
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Guaiacol, which is a phenolic compound with a methoxy group and used in traditional dental pulp sedation, has the property of inducing cell proliferation. To clarify these mechanisms of guaiacol, this study examined the hydroxyl radical (<SUP>·</SUP>OH) scavenging effects of guaiacol <I>in vitro</I>. Generation of <SUP>·</SUP>OH was carried out by the Fenton reaction using mixture of ascorbic acid, H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, and Fe(III)-EDTA, and <SUP>·</SUP>OH was detected by measuring the <SUP>·</SUP>OH-mediated production of degradation products of deoxyribose, which reacts with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and is relatively stable for a long time. At concentrations of 10<SUP>-10</SUP> M to 10<SUP>-3</SUP> M, guaiacol inhibited the TBA reactive substance (TBA-RS) formation in a dose-dependent manner. Phenol and formaldehyde were also found to inhibit the TBA-RS formation, but their inhibitory activities were lower than that of guaiacol. The concentrations of guaiacol, phenol, and formaldehyde needed to cause 50% inhibition of TBA-RS formation were approximately 5 × 10<SUP>-6</SUP>, 5 × 10<SUP>-5</SUP>, and 2 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> M, respectively. In this reaction system, guaiacol showed no chelating reaction with ferrous ion and did not directly react with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. Guaiacol also exhibited radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, but its scavenging activity was lower than that toward <SUP>·</SUP>OH. These results suggest that guaiacol is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen radicals and that its radical scavenging activity may be associated with its effect on cell proliferation.
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