(–)-Xanthatin induces the prolonged expression of c-Fos through an N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)-sensitive mechanism in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells
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We reported that (–)-xanthatin, a xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactone present in the Cocklebur plant, exhibited potent anti-proliferative effects on human breast cancer cells, in which GADD45γ, a novel tumor suppressor gene, was induced. Mechanistically, topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) inhibition by (–)-xanthatin was shown to be the upstream trigger that stimulated the expression of GADD45γ mRNA and concomitantly produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain this expression. Since the anti-cancer drug etoposide, a selective Topo IIα inhibitor, has also been shown to induce intracellular ROS, (–)-xanthatin may exert its anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells in a similar manner to those of etoposide. In the present study, to generalize its applicability to cancer therapy, we further investigated the biological activities of (–)-xanthatin by comparing its activities to those of the established anti-cancer drug etoposide. After the exposure of breast cancer cells to (–)-xanthatin or etoposide, a prolonged and marked up-regulation in the expression of c-fos, a proapoptotic molecule, was detected together with GADD45γ; and the expression of these molecules was stabilized by ROS and abrogated by the pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent ROS scavenger. (–)-Xanthatin in particular exhibited stronger anti-proliferative potential than that of etoposide, which underlies the marked induction of c-fos/GADD45γ and ROS production.
- 一般社団法人 日本毒性学会の論文
一般社団法人 日本毒性学会 | 論文
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